RESUMEN
Introduction: This in vitro study was conducted to assess the phototoxic effects of curcumin, nano-curcumin, and erythrosine on the viability of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in suspension and biofilm forms. Methods: Various concentrations of curcumin (1.5 g/L, 3 g/L), nano-curcumin (3 g/L), and erythrosine (100 µM/L, 250 µM/L) were examined for their impact on planktonic and biofilm cultures of S. mutans, either individually or in conjunction with light irradiation (photodynamic therapy or PDT). A blue light-emitting diode (LED) with a central wavelength of 450 nm served as the light source. The results were compared to 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) as the positive control, and a solution containing neither a photosensitizer (PS) nor a light source as the negative control group. The dependent variable was the number of viable microorganisms per experiment (CFU/mL). Results: Antimicrobial PDT caused a significant reduction in the viability of S. mutans in both planktonic and biofilm forms, compared to the negative control group (P<0.05). The highest cell killing was observed in PDT groups with curcumin 3 g/L or erythrosine 250 µmol/L, although the difference with PDT groups using curcumin 1.5 g/L or erythrosine 100 µmol/L was not significant (P>0.05). Antimicrobial treatments were more effective against planktonic S. mutans than the biofilm form. Conclusion: PDT with either curcumin 1.5 g/L or erythrosine 100 µmol/L may be suggested as an alternative to CHX to inactivate the bacteria in dental plaque or deep cavities. Nano-curcumin, at the selected concentration, exhibited lower efficacy in killing S. mutans compared to Curcumin or erythrosine.
RESUMEN
This study investigated the effect of bone grafting on hard and soft tissue alterations after immediate implant insertion in mandibular molar sites. This randomized, double-blind clinical trial consisted of 30 healthy patients (17 women and 13 men aged 22-58 years) who required immediate implant installation to replace a first or second mandibular molar. Only subjects with a buccal gap between 2 and 4 mm were selected. The participants were randomly allocated to two groups. In the experimental group, the gap was augmented by an allograft, whereas in the control group no graft was applied. Marginal bone level, probing depth, keratinized gingival width, and bleeding on probing were assessed at the time of implant placement (T0), 1 month (T1), and 3 months (T2) after surgery. There was no significant difference in hard and soft tissue parameters between the grafted and nongrafted sites at any of the durations (P < 0.05). Bone level decreased significantly in both groups (P < 0.05). However, the amount of probing depth and the frequency of cases showing bleeding on probing did not alter over the experiment either in the test or in the control group (P > 0.05). Bone grafting simultaneously with immediate implant installation had no significant effect on hard and soft tissue outcomes when the buccal gap size was between 2 and 4 mm. Therefore, the use of a bone substitute is not mandatory up to the jumping distance of 4 mm in immediate implant surgery.
